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 Contact Binaries with Additional Components. I. The Extant DataWe have attempted to establish observational evidence for the presenceof distant companions that may have acquired and/or absorbed angularmomentum during the evolution of multiple systems, thus facilitating orenabling the formation of contact binaries. In this preliminaryinvestigation we use several techniques (some of themdistance-independent) and mostly disregard the detection biases ofindividual techniques in an attempt to establish a lower limit to thefrequency of triple systems. While the whole sample of 151 contactbinary stars brighter than Vmax=10 mag gives a firm lowerlimit of 42%+/-5%, the corresponding number for the much better observednorthern-sky subsample is 59%+/-8%. These estimates indicate that mostcontact binary stars exist in multiple systems. Observed Orbital EccentricitiesFor 391 spectroscopic and visual binaries with known orbital elementsand having B0-F0 IV or V primaries, we collected the derivedeccentricities. As has been found by others, those binaries with periodsof a few days have been circularized. However, those with periods up toabout 1000 or more days show reduced eccentricities that asymptoticallyapproach a mean value of 0.5 for the longest periods. For those binarieswith periods greater than 1000 days their distribution of eccentricitiesis flat from 0 to nearly 1, indicating that in the formation of binariesthere is no preferential eccentricity. The binaries with intermediateperiods (10-100 days) lack highly eccentric orbits. Radial Velocity Studies of Close Binary Stars. X.Radial velocity measurements and sine-curve fits to orbital velocityvariations are presented for the ninth set of 10 close binary systems:V395 And, HS Aqr, V449 Aur, FP Boo, SW Lac, KS Peg, IW Per, V592 Per, TUUMi, and FO Vir. The first three are very close, possibly detached,early-type binaries, and all three require further investigation.Particularly interesting is V395 And, whose spectral type is as early asB7/8 for a 0.685 day orbit binary. KS Peg and IW Per are single-linebinaries, with the former probably hosting a very low mass star. We havedetected a low-mass secondary in an important semidetached system, FOVir, at q=0.125+/-0.005. The contact binary FP Boo is also a very smallmass ratio system, q=0.106+/-0.005. The other contact binaries in thisgroup are V592 Per, TU UMi, and the well-known SW Lac. V592 Per and TUUMi have bright tertiary companions; for these binaries, and for V395And, we used a novel technique of arranging the broadening functionsinto a two-dimensional image in phase. The case of TU UMi turned out tobe intractable even using this approach, and we have not been able toderive a firm radial velocity orbit for this binary. Three systems ofthis group were observed spectroscopically before: HS Aqr, SW Lac, andKS Peg.Based on the data obtained at the David Dunlap Observatory, Universityof Toronto. Tidal Effects in Binaries of Various PeriodsWe found in the published literature the rotational velocities for 162B0-B9.5, 152 A0-A5, and 86 A6-F0 stars, all of luminosity classes V orIV, that are in spectroscopic or visual binaries with known orbitalelements. The data show that stars in binaries with periods of less thanabout 4 days have synchronized rotational and orbital motions. Stars inbinaries with periods of more than about 500 days have the samerotational velocities as single stars. However, the primaries inbinaries with periods of between 4 and 500 days have substantiallysmaller rotational velocities than single stars, implying that they havelost one-third to two-thirds of their angular momentum, presumablybecause of tidal interactions. The angular momentum losses increase withdecreasing binary separations or periods and increase with increasingage or decreasing mass. 3D mapping of the dense interstellar gas around the Local BubbleWe present intermediate results from a long-term program of mapping theneutral absorption characteristics of the local interstellar medium,motivated by the availability of accurate and consistent parallaxes fromthe Hipparcos satellite. Equivalent widths of the interstellar NaID-line doublet at 5890 Å are presented for the lines-of-sighttowards some 311 new target stars lying within ~ 350 pc of the Sun.Using these data, together with NaI absorption measurements towards afurther ~ 240 nearby targets published in the literature (for many ofthem, in the directions of molecular clouds), and the ~ 450lines-of-sight already presented by (Sfeir et al. \cite{sfeir99}), weshow 3D absorption maps of the local distribution of neutral gas towards1005 sight-lines with Hipparcos distances as viewed from a variety ofdifferent galactic projections.The data are synthesized by means of two complementary methods, (i) bymapping of iso-equivalent width contours, and (ii) by densitydistribution calculation from the inversion of column-densities, amethod devised by Vergely et al. (\cite{vergely01}). Our present dataconfirms the view that the local cavity is deficient in cold and neutralinterstellar gas. The closest dense and cold gas wall'', in the firstquadrant, is at ~ 55-60 pc. There are a few isolated clouds at closerdistance, if the detected absorption is not produced by circumstellarmaterial.The maps reveal narrow or wide interstellar tunnels'' which connectthe Local Bubble to surrounding cavities, as predicted by the model ofCox & Smith (1974). In particular, one of these tunnels, defined bystars at 300 to 600 pc from the Sun showing negligible sodiumabsorption, connects the well known CMa void (Gry et al. \cite{gry85}),which is part of the Local Bubble, with the supershell GSH 238+00+09(Heiles \cite{heiles98}). High latitude lines-of-sight with the smallestabsorption are found in two chimneys'', whose directions areperpendicular to the Gould belt plane. The maps show that the LocalBubble is squeezed'' by surrounding shells in a complicated patternand suggest that its pressure is smaller than in those expandingregions.We discuss the locations of several HI and molecular clouds. Usingcomparisons between NaI and HI or CO velocities, in some cases we areable to improve the constraints on their distances. According to thevelocity criteria, MBM 33-37, MBM 16-18, UT 3-7, and MBM 54-55 arecloser than ~ 100 pc, and MBM 40 is closer than 80 pc. Dense HI cloudsare seen at less than 90 pc and 85 pc in the directions of the MBM 12and MBM 41-43 clouds respectively, but the molecular clouds themselvesmay be far beyond. The above closest molecular clouds are located at theneutral boundary of the Bubble. Only one translucent cloud, G192-67, isclearly embedded within the LB and well isolated.These maps of the distribution of local neutral interstellar NaI gas arealso briefly compared with the distribution of both interstellar dustand neutral HI gas within 300 pc.Tables 1 and 2 are only available in electronic form at the CDS viaanonymous ftp to cdsarc.u-strasbg.fr (130.79.128.5) or viahttp:cdsweb.u-strasbg.fr/cgi-bin/qcat?J/A+A/411/447 The 7.5 Magnitude Limit Sample of Bright Short-Period Binary Stars. I. How Many Contact Binaries Are There?A sample of bright contact binary stars (W UMa type or EW, and related:with β Lyr light curves, EB, and ellipsoidal, ELL-in effect, allbut the detached, EA) to the limit of Vmax=7.5 mag is deemedto include all discoverable short-period (P<1 day) binaries withphotometric variation larger than about 0.05 mag. Of the 32 systems inthe final sample, 11 systems have been discovered by the Hipparcossatellite. The combined spatial density is evaluated at(1.02+/-0.24)×10-5 pc-3. The relativefrequency of occurrence (RFO), defined in relation to the main-sequencestars, depends on the luminosity. An assumption of RFO~=1/500 forMV>+1.5 is consistent with the data, although the numberstatistics is poor with the resulting uncertainty in the spatial densityand the RFO by a factor of about 2. The RFO rapidly decreases forbrighter binaries to a level of 1/5000 for MV<+1.5 and to1/30,000 for MV<+0.5. The high RFO of 1/130, previouslydetermined from the deep OGLE-I sample of disk population W UMa typesystems toward Baade's window, is inconsistent with and unconfirmed bythe new results. Possible reasons for the large discrepancy arediscussed. They include several observational effects but also apossibility of a genuine increase in the contact-binary density in thecentral parts of the Galaxy. Based on data from the Hipparcos satellitemission and from the David Dunlap Observatory, University of Toronto. Rotational velocities of A-type stars in the northern hemisphere. II. Measurement of v sin iThis work is the second part of the set of measurements of v sin i forA-type stars, begun by Royer et al. (\cite{Ror_02a}). Spectra of 249 B8to F2-type stars brighter than V=7 have been collected at Observatoirede Haute-Provence (OHP). Fourier transforms of several line profiles inthe range 4200-4600 Å are used to derive v sin i from thefrequency of the first zero. Statistical analysis of the sampleindicates that measurement error mainly depends on v sin i and thisrelative error of the rotational velocity is found to be about 5% onaverage. The systematic shift with respect to standard values fromSlettebak et al. (\cite{Slk_75}), previously found in the first paper,is here confirmed. Comparisons with data from the literature agree withour findings: v sin i values from Slettebak et al. are underestimatedand the relation between both scales follows a linear law ensuremath vsin inew = 1.03 v sin iold+7.7. Finally, thesedata are combined with those from the previous paper (Royer et al.\cite{Ror_02a}), together with the catalogue of Abt & Morrell(\cite{AbtMol95}). The resulting sample includes some 2150 stars withhomogenized rotational velocities. Based on observations made atObservatoire de Haute Provence (CNRS), France. Tables \ref{results} and\ref{merging} are only available in electronic form at the CDS viaanonymous ftp to cdsarc.u-strasbg.fr (130.79.125.5) or viahttp://cdsweb.u-strasbg.fr/cgi-bin/qcat?J/A+A/393/897 A common resonance of delta SCT stars and ellipsoidal binaries.Not Available Accurate Positions for 45 Variables in Five FieldsAccurate positions of 45 variables in 5 fields, determined fromphotographic astrometry, are presented. New variable chemically peculiar stars identified in the HIPPARCOS archiveSince variability of chemically peculiar (CP) stars plays an importantrole for the astrophysical explanation of their outstanding behaviour,we have identified new variable CP stars listed in Renson's catalogueusing the extensive Hipparcos Variability Annex. From the 293 objectsfound, 33 were excluded because they are no CP stars and/or have noperiod listed, half of the remaining stars are newly identified and halfhad been already included in the catalogue of variable CP stars by\cite[Catalano & Renson (1997).]{Ca} Most of the newly identifiedvariability is due to an apparent magnetic field coupled with stellarrotation (oblique rotator model). The constraints of this model arefulfilled for all but three CP2 stars. Variations of bona fide Am-Fmstars are exclusively explained by eclipses of binary systems.Furthermore eight candidates of the >~mma Doradus group (pulsatingAm-Fm stars) were detected. Based on data from the ESA Hipparcosastrometry satellite. Table 1 is also available in electronic form atthe CDS via anonymous ftp to cdsarc.u-strasbg.fr (130.79.128.5) orvia\break http://cdsweb.u-strasbg.fr/Abstract.html On the HIPPARCOS photometry of chemically peculiar B, A, and F starsThe Hipparcos photometry of the Chemically Peculiar main sequence B, A,and F stars is examined for variability. Some non-magnetic CP stars,Mercury-Manganese and metallic-line stars, which according to canonicalwisdom should not be variable, may be variable and are identified forfurther study. Some potentially important magnetic CP stars are noted.Tables 1, 2, and 3 are available only in electronic form at the CDS viaanonymous ftp to cdsarc.u-strasbg.fr (130.79.128.5) or viahttp://cdsweb.u-strasbg.fr/Abstract.html Behaviour of calcium abundance in Am-Fm stars with evolutionCalcium abundance in the atmosphere of Am stars is examined as afunction of their evolutionary state within the main sequence. Newspectroscopic abundances as well as abundances obtained photometricallyby Guthrie (1987) are used, since they are mutually quite consistent.The main result of this work is that, contrary to earlier suggestions,calcium abundance does not tend to be larger in evolved Am stars than inunevolved ones, for objects distributed along a given evolutionary trackin the HR diagram. The trend appears to be the reverse, if it is presentat all. For our whole sample of Am stars, there is a significantcorrelation between calcium abundance and effective temperature, in thesense that the cooler objects are the most Ca-deficient, hence have themost pronounced Am peculiarity. This implies an apparent correlationbetween calcium deficiency and age, although the lack of Am starsyounger than log t = 8.6 seems real. Our results are fully consistentwith the low rate of Am stars observed in young clusters and withtheoretical predictions of time-dependent radiative diffusion (Alecian1996). Based on observations collected at Observatoire de Haute Provence(CNRS), France, and on data from the ESA HIPPARCOS astrometry satellite. On rotation of ellipsoidal binary systems.Not Available On the nature of the AM phenomenon or on a stabilization and the tidal mixing in binaries. II. Metallicity and pseudo-synchronization.We reveal sufficient evidences that for Am binaries the metallicitymight depend on their orbital periods, P_orb_, rather than on vsini. Inparticular, δm_1_ index seems to decrease with increasing orbitalperiod up to at least P_orb_=~50d, probably even up to P_orb_=~200d.This gives further support to our "tidal mixing + stabilization"hypothesis formulated in Part I. Moreover, while the most metallic Amstars seem to have rather large periods the slowest rotators are foundto exhibit substantially shorter P_orb_. A questioning eye is thus caston the generally adopted view that Am peculiarity is caused by asuppressed rotationally induced mixing in slowly rotating single'stars. The observed anticorrelation between rotation and metallicity mayhave also other than the textbook' explanation, namely being the resultof the correlation between metallicity and orbital period, as themajority of Am binaries are possibly synchronized. We further argue thatthere is a tendency in Am binaries towards pseudo-synchronization up toP_orb_=~35d. This has, however, no serious impact on our conclusionsfrom Part I; on the contrary, they still hold even if this effect istaken into account. A Catalogue of Correlations Between Eclipsing Binaries and Other Categories of Double StarsAmong the 9110 stars in The Bright Star Catalogue, there are 225eclipsing or ellipsoidal variables. A search has been made for these incatalogues of spectroscopic binaries, visual double or multiple stars,speckle interferometry, occulation binaries, and galatic clusters. Themajority of the photometric binaries are also members of groups ofhigher multiplicity. The variables are in systems ranging from one to 91stars, five on the average. 199 are either spectroscopic binaries (SB)or stars with variable radial velocity, with orbital periods known for160. Photometric periods are lacking for 48 while SB periods areavailable for 23 of these. Observers with photoelectric equipment areencouraged to plan observations to test if the SB periods are consistentwith photometric data. Observers are likewise encouraged to examinethose stars for which the photometric and SB periods appear to beinconsistent. Parallaxes are available for 86 of the stars, 41 of themindicating distances nearer than 50 parsecs. The photoelectric astrolabe catalogue of Yunnan Observatory (YPAC).The positions of 53 FK5, 70 FK5 Extension and 486 GC stars are given forthe equator and equinox J2000.0 and for the mean observation epoch ofeach star. They are determined with the photoelectric astrolabe ofYunnan Observatory. The internal mean errors in right ascension anddeclination are +/- 0.046" and +/- 0.059", respectively. The meanobservation epoch is 1989.51. On the nature of the AM phenomenon or on a stabilization and the tidal mixing in binaries. I. Orbital periods and rotation.The paper casts a questioning eye on the unique role of the diffusiveparticle transport mechanism in explaining the Am phenomenon and arguesthat the so-called tidal effects might be of great importance incontrolling diffusion processes. A short period cutoff at =~1.2d as wellas a 180-800d gap were found in the orbital period distribution (OPD) ofAm binaries. The existence of the former can be ascribed to the state ofthe primaries with the almost-filled Roche lobes. The latter couldresult from the combined effects of the diffusion, tidal mixing andstabilization processes. Because the tidal mixing might surpassdiffusion in the binaries with the orbital periods P_orb_ less thanseveral hundred days and might thus sustain the He convection zone,which would otherwise disappear, no Am stars should lie below thisboundary. The fact that they are nevertheless seen there implies theexistence of some stabilization mechanism (as, e.g., that recentlyproposed by Tassoul & Tassoul 1992) for the binaries with orbitalperiods less than 180d. Further evidence is given to the fact that theOPD for the Am and the normal binaries with an A4-F1 primary arecomplementary to each other, from which it stems that Am stars are closeto the main sequence. There are, however, indications that they haveslightly larger radii (2.1-3 Rsun_) than expected for theirspectral type. The generally accepted rotational velocity cutoff at=~100km/s is shown to be of little value when applied on Am binaries ashere it is not a single quantity but, in fact, a function of P_orb_whose shape is strikingly similar to that of the curves of constantmetallicity as ascertained from observations. This also leads to thewell known overlap in rotational velocities of the normal and Am starsfor 402.5d.We have exploited this empirical cutoff function to calibrate thecorresponding turbulent diffusion coefficient associated with tidalmixing, having found out that the computed form of the lines of constantturbulence fits qualitatively the empirical shape of the curves ofconstant metallicity. As for larger orbital periods(20d55km/s found by Burkhart(1979) would then be nothing but a manifestation of insufficientlypopulated corresponding area of larger P_orb_. The Relation between Rotational Velocities and Spectral Peculiarities among A-Type StarsAbstract image available at:http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-bib_query?1995ApJS...99..135A&db_key=AST Vitesses radiales. Catalogue WEB: Wilson Evans Batten. Subtittle: Radial velocities: The Wilson-Evans-Batten catalogue.We give a common version of the two catalogues of Mean Radial Velocitiesby Wilson (1963) and Evans (1978) to which we have added the catalogueof spectroscopic binary systems (Batten et al. 1989). For each star,when possible, we give: 1) an acronym to enter SIMBAD (Set ofIdentifications Measurements and Bibliography for Astronomical Data) ofthe CDS (Centre de Donnees Astronomiques de Strasbourg). 2) the numberHIC of the HIPPARCOS catalogue (Turon 1992). 3) the CCDM number(Catalogue des Composantes des etoiles Doubles et Multiples) byDommanget & Nys (1994). For the cluster stars, a precise study hasbeen done, on the identificator numbers. Numerous remarks point out theproblems we have had to deal with. Improved Mean Positions and Proper Motions for the 995 FK4 Sup Stars not Included in the FK5 ExtensionNot Available Speckle observations of visual and spectroscopic binaries. V.Not Available The ellipsoidal variables. IV - Light variationsThe Delta(V) variations of ellipsoidal variables are investigated as afunction of the spectral type of the primary. A model is developed onthe assumption that the primary has near main-sequence characteristics.It is argued that the observed minimum in the Delta(V) variations aroundspectral type F is real and is due to variations in thegravity-darkening exponent beta. The absolute upper limit to Delta(V)variations is found to be about 0.2 mag. Spectroscopic binaries - 15th complementary catalogPublished observational data on the orbital characteristics of 436spectroscopic binaries, covering the period 1982-1986, are compiled intables. The data sources and the organization of the catalog are brieflydiscussed, and notes are provided for each item. The ellipsoidal variables. III - Circularization and synchronizationThe degree of orbital circularity and synchronism is employed toestimate the degree of tidal interaction in the ellipsoidal variablesystems. Despite the many varied systems contained under the ellipsoidalvariable classification, most of the orbits are found to be circularizedand synchronized for periods of the variation of the eccentricity ofless than about two. Evolutionary models of the more extreme systems areconsidered. Improved study of metallic-line binariesFor the sake of completeness, a new study has been made of the frequencyof binaries among classical metallic-line (Am) stars and of thecharacteristics of these systems. For an initial sample of 60 Am stars,about 20 coude spectra and radial velocities were obtained each. Whencombined with excellent published orbital elements for some systems, thenew material yields 16 SB2s, 20 SB1s, and 20 visual and occultationcompanions not already counted as spectroscopic companions. Extensivedetails are given about the observations, radial velocities, and binaryorbits. Evolutionary expansion during their main sequence lifetime isseen as an additional mechanism (besides tidal braking) acting in closebinaries to lower rotational velocities below 100 km/s. The ellipsoidal variable starsAn annotated bibliography is presented for the ellipsoidal variableclass of noneclipsing close binaries, and a method is furnished for theanalysis of the light curves and spectroscopic data to determine thephysical parameters of such systems. Attention is given to confirmedellipsoidal variables, as well as suspected and rejected ones, and tothe characteristics of theoretical ellipsoidal light curves. The ellipsoidal variablesThe existing database on ellipsoidal, short period binary star systemsis examined analytically. The survey covers 27 binaries with periods ofno more than 10 days. It is shown that binaries with periods of no morethan 5 days are separated by no more than five times the sum of theirradii, indicating that tidal interactions are nonnegligible. Furthercalculations demonstrate that most short period systems will synchronizetheir orbits during the Main Sequence, then evolve to circular orbits inthe sub-giant phase. The distortions which can be expected along thecenterlines of stars in the Main Sequence is described analytically,noting that the distortion takes the form of an expansion into the Rochelobe. The models are used to generate light curves for suspectedellipsoidal variables, e.g., beta Lyrae, with satisfactory results.Similarly, the spectroscopic signatures of ellipsoidal systems exhibitdual peaked features which vary, a characteristic which can also beunderstood in terms of the filling of the Roche lobe. Rotation velocities of metallic-line starsThe rotation velocities (V sin i) of 81 Am stars were determined usingspectra of dispersion 15 A/mm. The profiles of Fe I 4045 A and Sr II4215 A lines were compared with the computed profiles. The line widthand its ratio to the central depth are found to be most sensitive to therotation velocity. The hydrogen spectral types obtained from the H-gammaequivalent width are also given. It is noted that the extremal Am starHR 4646 has a relatively high rotation velocity of at least 70 km/s. Spectroscopic binaries - 14th complementary catalogOrbital-element data for 380 spectroscopic binaries are compiled andannotated in tables. The catalog represents a continuation of the 13thcatalog (Pedoussaut and Nadal, 1977) and uses the same general format.The techniques used in making the magnitudes and spectral typeshomogeneous are indicated. Statistics of categorized eclipsing binary systems Lightcurve shapes, periods, and spectral typesThe statistics of the light curve morphologies, eclipse depths, orbitalperiods, and spectral types of about 1000 eclipsing binary systems areexamined, after attempting to subdivide these binaries into variousbasic evolutionary categories. The applicability of statisticalcriteria, based on light curve morphologies and eclipse depths, for thecategorization of eclipsing binaries has been found more limited thanpreviously believed. In particular, EW-type light curves turn out to begood indicators of contact systems (though not conversely), while EA-and EB-type light curves have little physical significance. Moreover,the study reveals a strong deficit of short-period noncontact systems inthe whole spectral range, together with an underabundance of early-typecontact binaries (compared with the number of late-type contact pairs).Interestingly, the distribution of evolved Algol-type systems isshifted, on average, to periods longer than those of unevolved detachedsystems in the OB and early A spectral range (and to shorter periods inthe F spectral range).
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